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At the same time, East Asia has become the "world's factory" and the region's importance has increased rapidly, both for the world economy in general and for international trade in particular. In parallel with the region's rapid economic growth, agglomerations of large cities are also emerging. An important facet of urban agglomeration is the important role cities play as cradles of technological innovation. And an important factor in this rapid development of agglomeration is the economies of scale gained from such agglomeration, which in turn fosters further agglomeration. As this positive feedback builds momentum and creates a lock-in effect, cities whose differences were marginal in the past can take quite different development paths, as one can see in the case of Tokyo and Osaka over the past several decades. Up until the period of high economic growth of the 1960s, Tokyo and Osaka were the urban centers of Japan; today, Tokyo far outstrips Osaka in socio-economic importance. This raises the question of whether the Tokyo metropolitan area, an important "world city" in Asia, can maintain its position through the 21st century. In fact, the positive feedback mentioned above is expected to accelerate further as transportation, communication and other costs fall; the overall process of globalization also pushes such costs lower. Against this background, can we be certain that Tokyo will not be overtaken by Shanghai and other Asian cities, as Osaka was left behind by Tokyo? With the above problematics in mind, we will attempt to grasp the role of Japanese cities, in particular Tokyo. Once we acknowledge Tokyo's unique role for Japan, the relationship between Tokyo and other core Japanese cities will be clarified. Symposium participants, experts from Japan and abroad, will discuss issues such as whether Tokyo will become Asia's unique core city, or just one of many; the necessity of Tokyo's vitality for Japan as a whole; the impact of urban infrastructure (both "hard" infrastructure and "soft" infrastructure such as the socioeconomic institutions that constitute the city) on urban and industrial agglomeration; which regions are most affected by innovation, and the specific characteristics of such regions. Information Date: March 18, 2005, 9:00-18:00 Venue: U Thant Hall, United Nations University (Shibuya-ku, Tokyo) Language: Japanese / English (with simultaneous interpretation) Charge: ¥3,000 (an official receipt will be issued) (Student discount ¥1,000. Please present your student ID at the reception desk.) Host: Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI) Contact: RIETI Ms. Yuki Katagiri (Tel: 03-3501-8398) * Streaming video footage of and handouts pertaining to the symposium will be available for downloading from the RIETI website after the event. Program Moderator: HISATAKE Masato (Senior Fellow, RIETI) 9:00-9:05 Opening Remarks: YOSHITOMI Masaru (President and CRO, RIETI) 9:05-10:35 Session 1: "Rise and Fall of World/Global Cities" Presentation: - Allen J. SCOTT (Distinguished Professor of Public Policy and Geography, The School of Public Affairs, University of California) - Saskia SASSEN (Professor, Department of Sociology, The University of Chicago / Centennial Visiting Professor, London School of Economics) - HISATAKE Masato (Senior Fellow, RIETI) 10:35-10:45 Coffee Break 10:45-12:30 Session 2: "Whether Greater Tokyo will be the champion, or will Japan have multiple core cities" Session Chair: HISATAKE Masato (Senior Fellow, RIETI) Presentation: - HATTA Tatsuo (Faculty Fellow and Research Counselor, RIETI / Professor, Division of International Studies, International Christian University) - KANEMOTO Yoshitsugu (Faculty Fellow, RIETI / Professor, Graduate School of Economics and Graduate School of Public Policy, The University of Tokyo) Comment - TAKAHASHI Takehide (Director-General, Kanto Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI) Discussion / Q&A 12:30-13:45 Lunch (buffet-style) Venue: Reception Hall 13:45-15:55 Session 3: "Role of urban infrastructure development - its hard and soft aspects" (14:45-14:55 Coffee Break) Session Chair: NEZU Risaburo (Director, RIETI / Senior Managing Director, Fujitsu Research Institute) Presentation: - KAWAGUCHI Yuichiro (Professor, Graduate School of Finance, Accounting and Law, Waseda University) - KUSAKABE Satoshi (Director, Industrial Organization Division, Economic and Industrial Policy Bureau, METI) - Ralph CHOW (Director, Japan, Hong Kong Trade Development Council) Comment: - AOYAMA Yasushi (Professor, Graduate School of Governance Studies, Meiji University) - SAITO Jun (Executive Staff, Nikon Corporation / Research Fellow, RCAST, The University of Tokyo) Q&A 15:55-16:05 Coffee Break 16:05-17:55 Session 4: Panel Discussion "Implications for Greater Tokyo, Japan and Asia" Session Chair: HISATAKE Masato (Senior Fellow, RIETI) Panelists: - AOYAMA Yasushi (Professor, Graduate School of Governance Studies, Meiji University) - KANEMOTO Yoshitsugu (Faculty Fellow, RIETI / Professor, Graduate School of Economics and Graduate School of Public Policy, The University of Tokyo) - Saskia SASSEN (Professor, Department of Sociology, The University of Chicago / Centennial Visiting Professor, London School of Economics) - Allen J. SCOTT (Distinguished Professor of Public Policy and Geography, The School of Public Affairs, University of California) Q&A 17:55-18:00 Closing Remarks: OKAMATSU Sozaburo (Chairman, RIETI) * The agenda is subject to change. 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