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Japan's basic materials manufacturers, which grew significantly during the postwar high economic growth period by supporting the development of other industries with a stable supply of high-quality materials, experienced severe difficulties in the subsequent years, hit by the oil crises and a sharp increase in the yen's value. Steelmakers, which grew into competitive players in the global market, were forced to the forefront of fierce trade battles and had to restrain their exports for the sake of maintaining Japan's good trade relationships with the United States and Europe, whereas non-ferrous metal manufacturers and petrochemical manufacturers had to streamline their production facilities drastically to shift toward high value-added products. Meanwhile, the development of new materials and a new generation of material industries, particularly in the bio sector, emerged as a new challenge. Foreword   From countermeasures for the structural recession to the strengthening of international competitivenessChapter 1   Chemical industryChapter 2   Steel industryChapter 3   Structural improvements in the non-ferrous metals industryChapter 4   Nurturing the bio industryChapter 5   Development of new materialsChapter 6   Reforms made in the alcohol industryChapter 7   Safety control for chemical materialsAfterword Publications RIETI Books (English) RIETI Books (Japanese) History of Japan's Trade and Industry Policy Authors' Words Other Publications (English) Other Publications (Japanese) Communications Newsletter RSS Feed Facebook X YouTube Research Areas Research Programs (FY2024-2028) Research Programs (FY2020-2023) Research Programs (FY2016-2019) Research Programs (FY2011-2015) Policy Research Domains (FY2006-2010) Projects Survey Fellows Research/Policy Papers Discussion Papers (English) Discussion Papers (Japanese) Policy Discussion Papers (English) Policy Discussion Papers (Japanese) Technical Papers (English) Technical Papers (Japanese) Non Technical Summaries List of Articles in Journals Research Digest Discussion Papers Search Publications RIETI Books (English) RIETI Books (Japanese) History of Japan's Trade and Industry Policy Authors' Words Other Publications (English) Other Publications (Japanese) Events Symposiums Workshops BBL Seminars Archived Seminar Series Data JIP Database R-JIP Database CIP Database Industry-Specific Nominal and Real Effective Exchange Rates AMU and AMU Deviation Indicators JSTAR RIETI-TID RIETI FDI Database ICPA Project Links Articles Column Special Series Newspapers & Magazines Fellows' Works VoxEU Column From IZA Perspectives from Around the World Other Contents RIETI Report Policy Update Keizai Sangyo Journal (METI Journal) About RIETI Privacy Policy Site Policy Site Map Help Contact METI Web Site Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry, IAA (JCN 6010005005426)JCN: Japan Corporate Number Opinions expressed or implied on this website are solely those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).Titles, numbers, specific names, etc. on this website are as of the date of publication. 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