かじたび

fixed#fixed" data-fixed-isfixed-value="false"> Academics Research Campus Life Admissions & Aid About ACCESS Apply GIVE JP EN For Others, With Others shortcut-nav#toggleOpen"> JP EN ACCESS APPLY GIVE Articles Features The Knot Legal justice in medicine and bioethics #Faculty #Master’s (Doctoral) Program in law #Department of Law #Graduate School of law #Faculty of Law 2023.10.06 Junichiro Okuda Professor Department of Law Faculty of Law copyurl#copy"> bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Professor Junichiro Okuda of the Faculty of Law specializes in the philosophy of law, which entails thinking about the very nature of law: how should laws be formulated? what is legal justice? In his research, he considers what it means for laws to be fair in medicine and bioethics. My field of expertise is the philosophy of law. There are many types of law: constitutional law, civil law, criminal law, and procedural law. However, the philosophy of law is a field that seeks to investigate the ideal forms, the concepts, and the nature of law—those aspects that form the backdrop to the individual laws currently in force. Even though individual laws may change over time, the philosophy of law—in other words, the approaches upon which these individual laws were based—does not change. It impels us to continually consider fundamental questions such as how should laws be formulated and implemented? and what is legal justice? I first became interested in the philosophy of law after attending a philosophy of law lecture as a student. Originally, my aim was to become a practicing lawyer; however, as I studied law, I developed a sense of unease at learning about laws that were mutable. By chance, around the same time I was participating in a symposium on organ transplants, and it forced me to consider various medical and bioethical issues. I learned that pregnant women who had been diagnosed as brain-dead are able to give birth—and this led me to question whether brain death could truly be regarded as death, and to consider how we should regard organ transplants that take place after a clinical diagnosis of death. Since that time, my research has primarily focused on legal issues related to medicine and bioethics. One of the principal roles of law is to provide people with behavioral guidelines Current laws related to medicine and bioethics are undeniably vague. There are no laws defining when and to what extent specific medical activities can be carried out, and when they can be withheld. Let us take end-of-life care as an example: to what extent should patients be treated? when and how should care-givers verify the intentions of their patients? if the patient does not wish to receive life-prolonging treatment, but the family does, whose wishes should be given priority? when one of two opposing wishes is chosen, what is the judgment of the law? By their very nature, laws tend to be inflexible—and this means they are not suited to being adapted to the circumstances of individual cases. Nevertheless, it is important to define the basic frameworks. We must not allow a state of affairs in which what is permitted in the case of one person is not permitted in the case of another. Indeed, one of the principal roles of law is to provide people with behavioral guidelines. Legal justice means treating diverse people in a fair manner We give the name “justice” to the goals that we wish our laws to achieve. Legal justice means treating diverse people in a fair manner—it does not refer to subjective ethical viewpoints, or to ideals. Law is founded on the idea that everyone should receive equal treatment. But in medicine, “justice” means ensuring that a patient can live to the end of their lives in as dignified a way as possible. It does not imply withholding treatment on a whim, or forcing people to continue living against their wishes—it requires, instead, that patients can fulfill their lives as they wish. We must establish laws that promote such a state of affairs. Law and medicine are similar in that they seek to enable diverse people to choose diverse ways of living. But in practice, discussions between lawyers and care-givers are not straightforward, because they occupy different standpoints and have different approaches. It is our job as philosophers of law to lay the foundations for such discussions. Going forward, I intend to peruse relevant theses and attend various conferences, to understand diverse facts and points of view, and to engage in necessary debates. One day, I plan to summarize the results of my research into a single volume and publish it—and as a researcher, I hope that this volume will encourage sophisticated discourse. I intend to continue my research in good faith by being open to and accurately understanding diverse ways of thinking; and by abstaining from falsehood, incorporating my own ways of thinking, stating my beliefs, and listening to criticisms. The book I recommend “Kyosei no saho – kaiwa to shite no seigi” (Etiquette for living together – justice as conversation)by Tatsuo Inoue, Keiso Shobo This book was written by my supervisor. I came across it as a student, when I was questioning the meaning of studying existing laws. It asks critical questions about the laws that exist, and by what criteria we can judge their appropriateness. This book inspired me to begin researching the foundations upon which our laws are based. Junichiro Okuda Professor Department of Law Faculty of Law Professor Junichiro Okuda graduated from the Faculty of Law, The University of Tokyo, and received his M.A. in law from the university’s Graduate School for Law and Politics; he studied as a postdoctoral fellow under the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science’s Research Fellowships for Young Scientists program. After working as an assistant professor then associate professor at the Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Sophia University, Okuda was appointed to his current post in April 2009. Department of Law Interviewed: October 2022 copyurl#copy"> bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> #The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors #Faculty #Master’s (Doctoral) Program in law #Department of Law #Graduate School of law #Faculty of Law View full article list Related Contents The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Modern Chinese history is essential to better China-Japan relations #Department of Liberal Arts#Faculty of Liberal Arts 2023.10.06 Read The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Put things in order: management strategies are guidelines for the creation of new value #Department of Management#Faculty of Economics 2023.05.25 Read The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Unraveling molecular biological mechanisms behind plant adaption to environmental stress #Department of Materials and Life Sciences#Faculty of Science and Technology 2024.03.21 Read The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Reason for using ammonia as fuel in the development of a carbon-free engine #Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences#Faculty of Science and Technology 2023.01.31 Read The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Toward a world without wars—Political systems that maintain peace in multiethnic nations #Department of Global Studies#Faculty of Global Studies 2023.06.29 Read The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors bookmark#toggle keyup.enter->bookmark#toggle onBookmarkItemUpdate@window->bookmark#handleUpdate"> Supporting entrepreneurship and innovation by comparing Japan with the globe #Department of French Studies#Faculty of Foreign Studies 2023.09.07 Read HOME Articles Features The Knot- Nexus of Knowledge by Sophia Professors Legal justice in medicine and bioethics Sophia University For Others, With Others Official Social Media Academics accordion#toggle" > Undergraduate Programs accordion#toggle" > Faculty of Theology Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Human Sciences Faculty of Law Faculty of Economics Faculty of Foreign Studies Faculty of Global Studies Faculty of Liberal Arts Faculty of Science and Technology SPSF: Sophia Program for Sustainable Futures University-wide General Education accordion#toggle" > Studies in Christian Humanism Embodied Wisdom The Art of Thinking and Expression Data Science Language Education Global Education at Sophia University accordion#toggle" > Learning at Sophia University Learning Abroad Learning Support Graduate Programs accordion#toggle" > Graduate School of Theology Graduate School of Humanities Graduate School of Applied Religious Studies Graduate School of Human Sciences Graduate School of Law Graduate School of Economics Graduate School of Languages and Linguistics Graduate School of Global Studies Graduate School of Science and Technology Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Graduate Degree Program of Applied Data Sciences Course of Midwifery Lifelong Learning Research accordion#toggle" > Sophia University Research Initiatives accordion#toggle" > Sophia Open Research Weeks (SORW) Research Institutes Industry-Government-Academia Collaboration Intellectual Property Sophia University’s Research Promotion System accordion#toggle" > Research on Priority Areas and Research on Optional Subjects Regulations Governing Research Activities and Use of Research Funds Campus Life accordion#toggle" > Semester Classification and Class Schedule Extracurricular Activities Volunteer Activities Global Learning Community Student Counseling Services accordion#toggle" > Mental and Physical Health Consultation Harassment Prevention Measures Support for Students with Disabilities Career Development Support accordion#toggle" > Career Design Program Career support for students with Study Abroad experience / Global Careers Statistics Relating to Post-graduation Employment (Provisional Acceptance), Graduate Outcomes, etc. Guidance for Corporate Recruiters Guidance for Graduates Housing Support Facilities Available on and off Campus accordion#toggle" > Facilities available at the Yotsuya Campus Other Facilities Admissions & Aid accordion#toggle" > Sophia University Admissions Policy Degrees offered by Sophia University Non-Matriculated Student Research Student, Foreign Special Research Student, and MEXT Scholarship Student Exchange Student from an Overseas University Non-Degree Student Sophia Short-term Program Student Tuition and Scholarships accordion#toggle" > Tuition Scholarships to Apply for Before Entering Undergraduate Programs Scholarships for Undergraduate Students New National Financial Support Program for Receiving Higher Education Scholarships for Graduate School Students Expenses and Scholarships for Studying Abroad Financial Support for Those with Abrupt Changes in Family Economic Circumstances and for Victims of Disasters About accordion#toggle" > Message from the President The Spirit of Sophia University accordion#toggle" > Philosophy of Sophia University History of Sophia University Sophia Archives Sophia as a Catholic University Global Engagement accordion#toggle" > Visits from Global Intellectuals Global Campus United Nation Weeks &＃038; Africa Weeks SDGs & Sustainability Initiatives Initiatives to Promote Diversity Sophia School Corporation Facts & Figures Sophia University&＃8217;s Network accordion#toggle" > Network with Alumni Network with Parents and Guarantors Networking with the Community Domestic & International Networks Sophia University&＃8217;s Publications accordion#toggle" > University Brochure/ Graduate School Brochure SOPHIA magazine Sophia University Press Sophia University&＃8217;s Visual Identity and School Anthem accordion#toggle" > Sophia University Visual Identity Official Character “Sophian-kun” Virtual Backgrounds School Anthem / Student Song Media Relations and Filming/Photograpy on Campus Sophia University Campus and Overseas Offices accordion#toggle" > Campus Overseas Offices Support from the SOPHIA Fund for the Future Teaching Collaboration Initiatives Privacy Policy For Prospective Students For Guarantors For Current Students, Faculty and Staff For Alumni For General Public For Corporate Partners, Press and Media Official Social Media Sophia School Corporation Sophia University Sophia University Junior College Division Eiko Gakuen Junior and Senior High School Rokko Junior and Senior High School Hiroshima Gakuin Junior and Senior High School Sophia Fukuoka Junior and Senior High School Contact Us Site Map Website Policy Employment For Others, With Others © Sophia University. All Rights Reserved. Page top drawer#toggle" data-drawer-target="trigger" data-drawer-trigger-param="search" > drawer#toggle" data-drawer-target="trigger" data-drawer-trigger-param="menu" > ACCESS Apply GIVE JP EN For Others, With Others ACCESS JP EN Apply GIVE Academics accordion#toggle" > Undergraduate Programs accordion#toggle" > Faculty of Theology Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Human Sciences Faculty of Law Faculty of Economics Faculty of Foreign Studies Faculty of Global Studies Faculty of Liberal Arts Faculty of Science and Technology SPSF: Sophia Program for Sustainable Futures University-wide General Education accordion#toggle" > Studies in Christian Humanism Embodied Wisdom The Art of Thinking and Expression Data Science Language Education Global Education at Sophia University accordion#toggle" > Learning at Sophia University Learning Abroad Learning Support Graduate Programs accordion#toggle" > Graduate School of Theology Graduate School of Humanities Graduate School of Applied Religious Studies Graduate School of Human Sciences Graduate School of Law Graduate School of Economics Graduate School of Languages and Linguistics Graduate School of Global Studies Graduate School of Science and Technology Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Graduate Degree Program of Applied Data Sciences Course of Midwifery Lifelong Learning Research accordion#toggle" > Sophia University Research Initiatives accordion#toggle" > Sophia Open Research Weeks (SORW) Research Institutes Industry-Government-Academia Collaboration Intellectual Property Sophia University’s Research Promotion System accordion#toggle" > Research on Priority Areas and Research on Optional Subjects Regulations Governing Research Activities and Use of Research Funds Campus Life accordion#toggle" > Semester Classification and Class Schedule Extracurricular Activities Volunteer Activities Global Learning Community Student Counseling Services accordion#toggle" > Mental and Physical Health Consultation Harassment Prevention Measures Support for Students with Disabilities Career Development Support accordion#toggle" > Career Design Program Career support for students with Study Abroad experience / Global Careers Statistics Relating to Post-graduation Employment (Provisional Acceptance), Graduate Outcomes, etc. Guidance for Corporate Recruiters Guidance for Graduates Housing Support Facilities Available on and off Campus accordion#toggle" > Facilities available at the Yotsuya Campus Other Facilities Admissions & Aid accordion#toggle" > Sophia University Admissions Policy Degrees offered by Sophia University Non-Matriculated Student Research Student, Foreign Special Research Student, and MEXT Scholarship Student Exchange Student from an Overseas University Non-Degree Student Sophia Short-term Program Student Tuition and Scholarships accordion#toggle" > Tuition Scholarships to Apply for Before Entering Undergraduate Programs Scholarships for Undergraduate Students New National Financial Support Program for Receiving Higher Education Scholarships for Graduate School Students Expenses and Scholarships for Studying Abroad Financial Support for Those with Abrupt Changes in Family Economic Circumstances and for Victims of Disasters About accordion#toggle" > Message from the President The Spirit of Sophia University accordion#toggle" > Philosophy of Sophia University History of Sophia University Sophia Archives Sophia as a Catholic University Global Engagement accordion#toggle" > Visits from Global Intellectuals Global Campus United Nation Weeks &＃038; Africa Weeks SDGs & Sustainability Initiatives Initiatives to Promote Diversity Sophia School Corporation Facts & Figures Sophia University&＃8217;s Network accordion#toggle" > Network with Alumni Network with Parents and Guarantors Networking with the Community Domestic & International Networks Sophia University&＃8217;s Publications accordion#toggle" > University Brochure/ Graduate School Brochure SOPHIA magazine Sophia University Press Sophia University&＃8217;s Visual Identity and School Anthem accordion#toggle" > Sophia University Visual Identity Official Character “Sophian-kun” Virtual Backgrounds School Anthem / Student Song Media Relations and Filming/Photograpy on Campus Sophia University Campus and Overseas Offices accordion#toggle" > Campus Overseas Offices Support from the SOPHIA Fund for the Future Teaching Collaboration Initiatives Privacy Policy Official Social Media Frequently Viewed Pages Sophia University Campus and Overseas Offices Facts & Figures The Spirit of Sophia University English-taught Programs For Prospective Students For Guarantors For Current Students, Faculty and Staff For Alumni For General Public For Corporate Partners, Press and Media Sophia School Corporation Sophia University Sophia University Junior College Division Eiko Gakuen Junior and Senior High School Rokko Junior and Senior High School Hiroshima Gakuin Junior and Senior High School Sophia Fukuoka Junior and Senior High School Contact Us Site Map Website Policy Employment © Sophia University. All Rights Reserved. ACCESS Apply GIVE JP EN For Others, With Others Frequently Searched Keywords Faculty Scholarship Open Campuses Study Abroad Programs Extracurricular Activities We use COOKIEs on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept All”, you consent to the use of ALL the COOKIEs. However, you may visit "COOKIE Settings" to provide a controlled consent. View COOKIE policy COOKIE Settings Accept All Manage consent Close Privacy Overview This website uses COOKIEs to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the COOKIEs that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party COOKIEs that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These COOKIEs will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these COOKIEs. But opting out of some of these COOKIEs may affect your browsing experience. Analytics Analytics Analytical COOKIEs are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These COOKIEs help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. SAVE & ACCEPT